Rare Tick-Borne Virus Cases Rise in the U.S.: What You Need to Know About Powassan Virus

When most people think of tick-borne diseases, Lyme disease comes to mind. However, there are other types of tick-borne viruses, one of which has seen a recent surge in the United States. Powassan virus, a rare disease that can rapidly affect the brain and nervous system, reached a record number of reported U.S. cases in 2025, prompting renewed attention from public health officials and medical professionals.

Even though the virus remains uncommon, experts say understanding how it spreads, recognizing its symptoms, and taking preventive measures can help reduce the risk of infection during peak tick season.

Powassan Virus Is Rare, but Cases Are Increasing

Powassan virus was first discovered in 1958 when a young boy from Powassan, Ontario contracted it. For decades, cases remained rare. However, since the beginning of 2025, experts have noted an increase in positive cases as tick populations have climbed in various regions of the US.

According to data cited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 76 Americans were diagnosed with Powassan virus in 2025, the highest annual total on record. Historically, the country averaged only seven or eight reported cases each year. While the numbers remain small compared to Lyme disease, the upward trend has drawn concern because of the virus's potential severity.

Why Health Experts Are Paying Close Attention

Powassan virus is considered more dangerous than other tick-borne diseases because of how quickly it can spread. If an infected tick bites a person, the virus quickly spreads throughout the body. To make matters worse, there are currently no treatment options or vaccines available.

Many infected individuals experience no symptoms at all. Others may develop fever, headache, vomiting, or weakness. In severe cases, the virus can invade the central nervous system, leading to encephalitis or meningitis. These complications may result in confusion, seizures, difficulty speaking, memory problems, or loss of coordination. Some survivors are left with long-term neurological complications.

Experts Stress Prevention During Tick Season

Since treatment options are so limited, experts are encouraging people to try to prevent tick bites even more than usual. As we approach the summer season, many people are spending more time outside, which drastically increases the likelihood of exposure. This is especially problematic for children who are considered less likely to thoroughly check for ticks when they go back inside.

Dr. Marc Siegel emphasized the importance of avoiding tick bites, noting that "prevention is the key." The CDC has issued several tips for preventing tick bites. Wearing long sleeves and pants when walking through wooded or grassy areas, and using an EPA-approved insect repellent are at the top of that list. Other tips include staying on established trails, showering soon after coming inside, and regularly checking for ticks while outside.

Experts warn that pets may be one of the most common sources of tick bites. If your pets spend any time outside, thoroughly check them for ticks multiple times a day.

Where the Virus Is Most Common

Most of the recent cases of the Powassan virus have been in the Northeastern United States. More specifically, the Great Lakes Region has the largest concentration of cases. This is because the virus is typically associated with the black-legged tick, also known as a deer tick.

Researchers believe several factors may be contributing to the increase in reported cases, including expanding tick habitats, changing weather patterns, greater outdoor recreation, and improved disease surveillance and testing. While infections remain uncommon, experts expect awareness to continue growing as more cases are identified.

Recognizing Symptoms Can Make a Difference

Unfortunately, some of the most common symptoms of Powassan virus mimic those of other illnesses, which often leads to a delay in identifying the illness. Anyone who develops fever, severe headache, confusion, muscle weakness, difficulty speaking, or other neurological symptoms after spending time in tick-prone areas should seek medical attention promptly. Healthcare providers may recommend diagnostic testing based on a patient's symptoms, travel history, and possible exposure.

Even though there are no treatments available for the virus, experts agree that managing symptoms can help improve patient outcomes.

Tick Awareness Matters Beyond Lyme Disease

Outdoor enthusiasts have known about the dangers of Lyme disease for years. However, for many people, the Powassan virus presents a new potential danger to look out for. By recognizing the symptoms and taking steps to avoid tick exposure, you may be able to reduce the likelihood of developing Powassan virus and other tick-borne viruses.

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