PFAS “Forever Chemicals”: Where They’re Found and Why They May Be Dangerous

A growing emphasis on clean living has turned the spotlight on what is known as PFAS. What are these chemicals, how common are they, and what are their potential dangers? This is what you need to know.

What is a PFAS?

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals, known more commonly as PFAS, are a group of more than 12,000 man-made chemical compounds that are commonly used in consumer products. Also known as "forever chemicals," PFAS have been put under the microscope lately due to their potential health concerns.

PFAS are most commonly used in non-stick and waterproof coatings in an effort to extend the life of products such as pots and pans. They are also used in flame retardants and in products that attract grease.

There are small differences between the various PFAS. However, all PFAS contain carbon-fluorine bonds. These bonds are some of the strongest bonds in the chemical world. The power of these bonds is what extends the life of many common products and makes them more functional for consumers.

On the flip side, the same characteristics that make PFAS products more durable also send the chemicals out into the world forever. The bond that gives the chemicals their staying power also means that they do not break down as easily, whether that is in the body or in the environment. This staying power is what has earned PFAS the "forever chemicals" moniker.

Dangers of Products with PFAS

Exposure to PFAS can cause harm to humans and animals over time. According to Dr. Kristin Scheible, a microbiologist and immunologist at the University of Rochester Medical Center, "Exposure to high levels of PFAS is associated with higher risk of cancer, impaired kidney and liver function, reproduction and embryonic development issues, and blunted responses to vaccines."

Complicating the issue is that PFAS are seemingly everywhere. These types of chemicals have been a common element in the manufacturing process for over 80 years. As such, the chemicals have filtered into soil and water sources over time, making it impossible to know exactly where they are lurking.

You can protect yourself from the potential hazards by knowing where the chemicals are most likely to be used. PFAS are a common chemical used in non-stick cookware, outdoor clothing, stain-resistant furniture and carpets, greaseproof food packaging, and waterproof cosmetics.

Although most products do not typically make it clear that PFAS were used in the production, you can usually assume that it contains the chemicals if the label does not specifically note that it is PFAS-free. This is particularly true if the product is marketed as being stain-proof, non-sticking, or waterproof.

In addition to hiding in commercial products, PFAS have also been found in produce that was grown in soil contaminated with these types of chemicals. Scientists have also identified PFAS in meat products from animals that have fed on grass contaminated with PFAS.

Research has also shown that many Americans get their drinking water from sources contaminated with forever chemicals. A 2023 study demonstrated that as much as 45% of the tap water in the U.S. has been contaminated by at least one type of PFAS. You can guard against this danger by installing a water purification system in your home.

The good news is that public health officials and environmentalists have taken note of these possible dangers. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is rolling out new guidelines that will limit some types of these chemicals.

Looking for stories that inform and engage? From breaking headlines to fresh perspectives, WaveNewsToday has more to explore. Ride the wave of what’s next.