Public Wi-Fi makes life convenient. Whether you’re busy at work on your laptop while you’re at your favorite coffee shop or scrolling social media in your hotel room, having access to Wi-Fi while you’re on the go allows you to enjoy all of the convenience of being at home. However, many public networks lack basic security protections, making it easier for hackers to intercept your information or inject malicious code into your browsing session.

As cybercriminals continue to evolve their approach to accessing your data, it’s important that you take steps to protect yourself from people who want to steal your identity, make fraudulent purchases, and more. Find out some basic public Wi-Fi safety tips that can keep you safe as you surf the web from anywhere.

Use a Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Using a virtual private network (VPN) is perhaps the most powerful way to protect your data while using public Wi-Fi. A VPN encrypts your internet traffic, meaning that no one on the same network can access your data.

Think of encryption as a secure tunnel between your device and the VPN server. Instead of using a public road to get from your connection to every site that you want to view while you’re on a public network, the secret tunnel allows you to get there in a way that protects your privacy. Potential hackers can’t access your email address, log-in credentials, financial data, and other pieces of information that you want to keep private.

Avoid free VPNs that may log your data or inject ads; a trustworthy paid service offers more robust protection and reliable performance. Keeping your VPN active whenever you connect to an open network is one of the most reliable defenses against cyber snooping.

Only Connect to Legitimate Networks

Cybercriminals don’t only infiltrate public networks to gain access to your data. In many instances, they set up their own fake networks with names that mimic the ones you’re trying to use. For instance, you may want to join “Coffee Shop Wi-Fi,” but instead join “CoffeeShop Wifi.” The lack of a space in the network name usually isn’t enough to attract attention, which is what hackers are betting on. These so-called “evil twin” networks are designed to give hackers immediate access to your data while you go about your usual surfing habits.

Before connecting, confirm the exact network name with a staff member or signage at the location. This simple verification step reduces the risk of accidentally joining a malicious hotspot. Many devices also allow you to forget networks after each use to prevent automatic reconnection to unsafe Wi-Fi in the future.

Enable Firewalls and Device Security

If a VPN is a secret tunnel, a firewall is a fortified barrier that stands between you and everyone else on the internet. Activating your device’s built-in firewall adds another layer of protection by blocking unauthorized inbound connections. On most devices, this setting is turned off by default when you join public networks. Make sure your firewall is enabled before connecting, and check your system’s security settings regularly.

Some security suites and antivirus programs also offer real-time protection against network attacks and malicious downloads. While this isn’t a substitute for careful browsing habits, these tools provide extra peace of mind on less secure connections.

Avoid Sensitive Activities on Public Wi-Fi

Even when you use these tools, a public W-Fi network is still a shared space, which makes network privacy your responsibility. While there’s nothing wrong with completing some tasks on a public network, it’s a good idea to avoid sensitive activities when you’re on public Wi-Fi. This includes logging into your bank account and other pieces of personal information.

If you must perform these actions while away from home, ensure a VPN is active and that you’re using HTTPS sites. This is as simple as looking for https:// in the address bar. HTTPS encrypts communication between your browser and the website’s server, adding another layer of protection.

Many mobile apps and modern browsers now enforce HTTPS automatically, but double-checking before entering any personal data reduces your risk. When in doubt, wait to access sensitive accounts until you’re on a trusted and secure connection.

Turn Off Sharing and Bluetooth

While sharing and Bluetooth are useful when you want to share data with other users, when you’re on a public Wi-Fi network, these tools leave your system susceptible to prying eyes. On laptops and even some phones, features like file sharing, printer sharing, or network discovery may be active by default. Before connecting, disable these settings to prevent unintended access by others on the same network.

In the same way that you lock the doors of your home, turning off Bluetooth and sharing is an important public Wi-Fi safety tip. While this step alone isn’t enough to completely secure your device, it does allow you to protect yourself against one of the easiest paths to your private information.

Use Secure, Updated Apps and Browsers

If you typically delay updating your apps and browsers, you may be making yourself more prone to cyberattacks. When browsers, apps, and other programs release updates, they often focus on shoring up potential security breaches. Cybercriminals look for weaknesses in old versions of software to intercept communications or inject malicious content. Keeping all of your apps, especially web browsers, updated is an essential habit for public Wi-Fi safety.

Many browsers now incorporate built-in warnings when you’re using an insecure connection or visiting a potentially compromised site. Taking these alerts seriously and avoiding risky websites can prevent malware infections and data loss.

Recognize the Signs of a Compromised Connection

Unfortunately, attacks can occur, no matter how many precautions you take. While this doesn’t mean that you should neglect any of these secure Wi-Fi tips, the fact remains that cybercriminals are constantly evolving their methods. Fortunately, there are some signs of a compromised connection that you can look out for.

Recognizing red flags, such as unexpected login prompts, certificate warnings, or sudden redirects when browsing, can alert you to a possible compromised network. Other indicators include unusually slow performance, repeated disconnections, or unexpected pop-up windows asking for personal information. These are classic signs of a man-in-the-middle attack or captive portal exploit attempting to collect credentials.

If you suspect your connection has been compromised, disconnect immediately and run a security scan using trusted antivirus software. Resetting passwords afterward, especially for any accounts accessed during the session, adds another layer of protection against unauthorized access.

Secure Surfing, No Matter Where You Are

Protecting your private data while using public W-Fi networks begins by taking a proactive approach to security. While recognizing the signs of a compromised connection is important, the goal is to be proactive instead of reactive. From downloading a VPN for public Wi-Fi use to updating apps and browsers as soon as updates are available, you can securely use the internet, no matter where you are.